Analyzing the Question
When you read the essay question, it is vital to pay attention to the verb (the action word) in the question. This tells you what the essay marker wants you to do with the information that the rest of the question is concerned with.
There are many different verbs used in essay questions, each asking for a different slant of argument.
Here are listed some of the more common verbs used in essay questions, and what each verb asks you to do when answering the question:
Verbs and their meanings
Analyse |
When you read the essay question, it is vital to pay attention to the verb (the action word) in the question. This tells you what the essay marker wants you to do with the information that the rest of the question is concerned with. |
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Argue |
Make a case using a debate style and structure, with arguments for and against a given point of view. |
Assess |
Make a case using a debate style and structure, with arguments for and against a given point of view. |
Comment |
Make a case using a debate style and structure, with arguments for and against a given point of view. |
Compare | Look for similarities between. |
Contrast |
Set in opposition in order to bring out differences. |
Criticise |
Pass judgment upon something with respect to its merits or faults. |
Define |
Set down the precise meaning of the word or phrase, giving sufficient detail so as to distinguish it. The dictionary provides definitions of all words in alphabetical order, with a description. |
Describe | Give a detailed or graphic account. |
Diagram |
Use pictures, graphs, charts, mind maps and flow charts to show relationships of details to main ideas. |
Discuss |
Investigate or examine by argument, sift and debate giving reasons for and against. |
Distinguish | List the ideas, and then say how they differ. |
Differentiate | Like distinguish. |
Enumerate | List all possible items. |
Evaluate |
To work out the ‘value’ of and to express that value in terms of something already known, or in comparison to something known. |
Explain |
To assign a meaning to information and state the importance of that information. In other words, give a simplified interpretation of information for your reader. |
Identify |
To assign a meaning to information and state the importance of that information. In other words, give a simplified interpretation of information for your reader. |
Illustrate |
Use a figure or diagram to explain or clarify, or make given information clearer by the use of concrete examples. This does not necessarily mean that you have to draw anything. |
Interpret |
Clarify or explain information, usually giving your own judgement. |
Justify |
Express valid reasons for accepting a particular interpretation or conclusion. |
Outline |
Indicate the main features of a topic or sequence of events, possibly setting them within a clear structure or framework to show how they relate to each other. |
Paraphrase | Put in your own words. |
Predict |
Present solutions that could happen if certain variables were present. |
Prove |
Demonstrate or establish the truth or accuracy of a conclusion, giving a logical sequence of statements that lead from evidence to that conclusion. |
Relate |
Explain how things are connected to each other and to what extent they are alike or affect each other. |
Review |
Make a survey of information, examining the subject critically. |
Slate |
Set out a question, a statement or information in clear concise language. |
Summarise |
Give a concise account of the chief points or substance of the matter, omitting the details and examples. |
Trace |
Follow the development or history of a topic from some point of origin. |
Verify |
Confirm or establish the truth or accuracy of point of view with supporting examples, evidence and facts. |