Professor Graham Cross
Professor In, Physics
Professor In, CRANN
Biography
Dr Graham Cross received his PhD degree in condensed matter physics from McGill University in Montréal, Canada in 2000, where he performed research in nanomechanics via scanned probe and field ion microscopy methods in ultra-high vacuum. From 1999 to 2001 he was FCAR postdoctoral fellow at IBM Research in Zürich, Switzerland. There he investigated polymer deformation and relaxation at the nanoscale and helped characterise the operational window of the atomic-force-microscopy-based data storage project Millipede. After a brief stay at the University of Zürich working on single atom field emission, he joined the nanomechanics group at the SFI Nanoscience Laboratory in Trinity College Dublin in 2002. At Trinity College Dublin, Dr. Cross has pursued a programme of understanding the rheological and tribological issues underlying massively parallel nanostructure fabrication by mechanical forming of soft condensed matter systems. His research interests include confined and large strain deformation behaviour of materials at the nanoscale, the production of nanodevices by mechanical forming, contact and transport at single asperities and structured interfaces, and point probe methods and instrumentation including nanoindentation and atomic force and field ion microscopy.
Publications and Further Research Outputs
Peer-Reviewed Publications
Aaron D. Sinnott, Adam Kelly, Cian Gabbett, Matthias Mobius, Jonathan Coleman, Graham L.W. Cross, Pressure Dependent Mechanical Properties of Thin Films under Uniaxial Strain via the Layer Compression Test, Journal of Materials Research, 2023
Jadidi, M.F. and Gholamvand, Z. and Cross, G.L.W., High-resolution micro-cavity filling sensing by fiber optic interferometry, Review of Scientific Instruments, 94, (1), 2023
Fujimoto, D. and Brazil, O. and Oliver, W.C. and Jadidi, M.F. and Sinnott, A. and McKenzie, I. and Chatzichristos, A. and Dehn, M.H. and Karner, V.L. and Kiefl, R.F. and Levy, C.D.P. and Li, R. and McFadden, R.M.L. and Morris, G.D. and Pearson, M.R. and Stachura, M. and Ticknor, J.O. and Macfarlane, W.A. and Cross, G.L.W., 8Li Spin Relaxation as a Probe of the Modification of Molecular Dynamics by Inelastic Deformation of Glassy Polystyrene, 2462, (1), 2023
Sinnott, A.D. and Kelly, A. and Gabbett, C. and Munuera, J. and Doolan, L. and Möbius, M. and Ippolito, S. and Samorì, P. and Coleman, J.N. and Cross, G.L.W., Mechanical Properties of Conducting Printed Nanosheet Network Thin Films Under Uniaxial Compression, Advanced Materials, 2023
Sinnott, A.D. and Brazil, O. and Cross, G.L.W., The effect of contact aspect ratio and film to substrate elastic modulus ratio on stress vs. strain up to the point of yield during flat punch thin film indentation of an elastic-plastic film, Frontiers in Materials, 9, (906204), 2022
Brazil, O. and Ã-zer, H.Ã-. and Watts, B. and Pethica, J.B. and Cross, G.L.W., Densification of a polymer glass under high-pressure shear flow, Physical Review B, 106, (6), 2022
Brazil, O. and de Silva, J.P. and Pethica, J.B. and Cross, G.L.W., Extrinsic plastic hardening of polymer thin films in flat punch indentation, Philosophical Magazine, 101, (11), 2021, p1327-1342
Goel, S. and Hawi, S. and Goel, G. and Thakur, V.K. and Agrawal, A. and Hoskins, C. and Pearce, O. and Hussain, T. and Upadhyaya, H.M. and Cross, G. and Barber, A.H., Resilient and agile engineering solutions to address societal challenges such as coronavirus pandemic, Materials Today Chemistry, 17, (100300), 2020
McManamon, C. and Cameron, A. and de Silva, J.P. and Daly, R. and O'Brien, F.J. and Cross, G.L.W., Effect of cross-linking and hydration on microscale flat punch indentation contact to collagen-hyaluronic acid films in the viscoelastic limit, Acta Biomaterialia, 111, 2020, p279-289
Brazil, O. and De Silva, J.P. and Chowdhury, M. and Yoon, H. and McKenna, G.B. and Oliver, W.C. and Kilpatrick, J. and Pethica, J.B. and Cross, G.L.W., In situ measurement of bulk modulus and yield response of glassy thin films via confined layer compression, Journal of Materials Research, 35, (6), 2020, p644-653
Fazeli Jadidi, M. and Ã-zer, H.Ã-. and Goel, S. and Kilpatrick, J.I. and McEvoy, N. and McCloskey, D. and Donegan, J.F. and Cross, G.L.W., Distribution of shallow NV centers in diamond revealed by photoluminescence spectroscopy and nanomachining, Carbon, 167, 2020, p114-121
Brazil, O. and De Silva, J.P. and Chowdhury, M. and Yoon, H. and McKenna, G.B. and Oliver, W.C. and Kilpatrick, J. and Pethica, J.B. and Cross, G.L.W., Erratum: In situmeasurement of bulk modulus and yield response of glassy thin films via confined layer compression (J. Mater. Res. (2020) DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2020.42), Journal of Materials Research, 35, (6), 2020, p654
Hantschel, T. and Conard, T. and Kilpatrick, J. and Cross, G., Diamond probes technology, NanoScience and Technology, 2019, p351-384
Goel, S. and Cross, G. and Stukowski, A. and GamsjÀger, E. and Beake, B. and Agrawal, A., Designing nanoindentation simulation studies by appropriate indenter choices: Case study on single crystal tungsten, Computational Materials Science, 152, 2018, p196-210
Faisal, N.H. and Ahmed, R. and Goel, S. and Cross, G., Future of nanoindentation in archaeometry, Journal of Materials Research, 33, (17), 2018, p2515-2532
Razeeb K.M, Dalton E, Cross G.L.W, Robinson A.J, Present and future thermal interface materials for electronic devices, International Materials Reviews , 2017, p1-21-
Brazil, O. and Usov, V. and Pethica, J.B. and Cross, G.L.W., Large area thermal nanoimprint below the glass transition temperature via small amplitude oscillatory shear forming, Microelectronic Engineering, 182, 2017, p35-41
Goel S, Kovalchenko A, Stukowski A, Cross G, Influence of microstructure on the cutting behaviour of silicon, Acta Materialia, 105, 2016, p464 - 478
Goel S, Stukowski A, Kovalchenko A, Cross G, Self-healing of cracks during ductile regime machining of silicon: Insights from molecular dynamics simulation, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2016, 2016, 2016
Annett J, Cross G.L.W, Self-assembly of graphene ribbons by spontaneous self-tearing and peeling from a substrate, Nature, 535, (7611), 2016, p271 - 275
Varagnolo S, Basu N, Ferraro D, Tóth T, Pierno M, Mistura G, Fois G, Tripathi B, Brazil O, Cross G.L.W, Effect of hair morphology and elastic stiffness on the wetting properties of hairy surfaces, Microelectronic Engineering, 161, 2016, p74 - 81
Lin, K.L. and Cross, G.L.W. and Gleeson, P. and De Silva, J.P. and Levander, A. and Muñoz, J.A. and Pawashe, C. and Potie, A. and Theofanis, P. and Boland, J.J. and Kuhn, K.J., Adhesion limits and design criteria for nanorelays, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 63, (1), 2016, p465-470
Edelmann J, Eckert U, Groà S, GrÌndig B, Wedig H, Usov V, O'hara N, Scanlan D, Cross G, New microfluidic functionalities by nano- And micro-patterned moulds, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2016, 2016, 2016
McManamon C, De Silva J.P, Delaney P, Morris M.A, Cross G.L.W, Characteristics, interactions and coating adherence of heterogeneous polymer/drug coatings for biomedical devices, Materials Science and Engineering C, 59, 2016, p102 - 108
Azeem A, English A, Kumar P, Satyam A, Biggs M, Jones E, Tripathi B, Basu N, Henkel J, Vaquette C, Rooney N, Riley G, O'Riordan A, Cross G, Ivanovski S, Hutmacher D, Pandit A, Zeugolis D, The influence of anisotropic nano- to micro-topography on in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis, Nanomedicine, 10, (5), 2015, p693 - 711
English A, Azeem A, Spanoudes K, Jones E, Tripathi B, Basu N, McNamara K, Tofail S.A.M, Rooney N, Riley G, O'Riordan A, Cross G, Hutmacher D, Biggs M, Pandit A, Zeugolis D.I, Substrate topography: A valuable in vitro tool, but a clinical red herring for in vivo tenogenesis, Acta Biomaterialia, 27, 2015, p3 - 12
Basu N, Cross G.L.W, Controlling droplet-based deposition uniformity of long silver nanowires by micrometer scale substrate patterning, Nanotechnology, 26, (48), 2015
Gleeson P, Lin K, Potie A, Pawashe C, P De Silva J, Cross G.L.W, Boland J.J, The effect of device fabrication on quasi-static elastic behaviour of silicon nanocantilever arrays, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 25, (12), 2015
English A, Azeem A, Spanoudes K, Jones E, Tripathi B, Basu N, McNamara K, Tofail S.A.M, Rooney N, Riley G, O'Riordan A, Cross G, Hutmacher D, Biggs M, Pandit A, Zeugolis D.I, Data on in vitro and in vivo cell orientation on substrates with different topographies, Data in Brief, 5, 2015, p379 - 382
D. McCloskey, D. Fox, N. O'Hara, V. Usov, D. Scanlan, N. McEvoy, G. S. Duesberg, G. L. W. Cross, H. Z. Zhang and J. F. Donegan, Helium ion microscope generated nitrogen-vacancy centres in type Ib diamond, Applied Physics Letters, 104, 2014, p031109-
McManamon, C. De Silva, J.P. Power, J. Ramirez-Garcia, S. Morris, M.A. Cross, G.L.W., Interfacial characteristics and determination of cohesive and adhesive strength of plasma-coated hydroxyapatite via nanoindentation and microscratch techniques, Langmuir, 30, (38), 2014, p11412 - 11420
McCloskey, D, Fox, D, O'Hara, N, Usov, V, Scanlan, D, McEvoy, N, Duesberg, GS, Cross, GLW, Zhang, HZ, Donegan, JF, Helium ion microscope generated nitrogen-vacancy centres in type Ib diamond, Applied Physics Letters, 104, (3), 2014, p031109-
Hassanzadeh, P, Sun, W, de Silva, JP, Jin, JH, Makhnejia, K, Cross, GLW, Rolandi, M, Mechanical properties of self-assembled chitin nanofiber networks, JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B, 2, (17), 2014, p2461-2466
McCloskey, D., Fox, D., O'Hara, N., (...), Zhang, H.Z., Donegan, J.F., Helium ion microscope generated nitrogen-vacancy centres in type Ib diamond, Optics InfoBase Conference Papers , CLEO: Science and Innovations, San Jose, CA; United States, 8-13 June, OSA, 2014, pp106736-
Liao, Z.-M., Wu, H.-C., Kumar, S., Duesberg, G.S., Zhou, Y.-B., Cross, G.L.W., Shvets, I.V., Yu, D.-P., Large magnetoresistance in few layer graphene stacks with current perpendicular to plane geometry, Advanced Materials, 24, (14), 2012, p1862-1866
Bolger, C.T., Fois, G., Petkov, N., Sassiat, N., Burke, M., Quinn, A.J., Cross, G.L.W., Holmes, J.D., Mechanical constraint and release generates long, ordered horizontal pores in anodic alumina templates, Nanotechnology , 23, (17), 2012, part. no. 175602
Schmidt, M. and Nazneen, F. and Herzog, G. and Arrigan, D. and Galvin, P. and Dickinson, C. and De Silva, J.P. and Scanlan, D. and O'Hara, N. and Cross, G.W. and Petkov, N. and Holmes, J.D., Correlative microscopy study of FIB patterned stainless steel surfaces as novel nano-structured stents for cardiovascular applications, 1466, 2012, pp32-37
Tripathi, S.K., Scanlan, D., O'Hara, N., Nadzeyka, A., Bauerdick, S., Peto, L., Cross, G.L.W., Resolution, masking capability and throughput for direct-write, ion implant mask patterning of diamond surfaces using ion beam lithography, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 22, (5), 2012, part. no. 055005
Annett, J., Gao, Y., Cross, G.L.W., Herbert, E.G., Lucas, B.N., Mesoscale friction anisotropy revealed by slidingless tests, Journal of Materials Research, 26, (18), 2011, p2373-2378
Cross, G.L.W., Silicon nanoparticles: Isolation leads to change, Nature Nanotechnology, 6, (8), 2011, p467-468
Warren McKenzie, John Pethica, Graham Cross, A direct-write, resistless hard mask for rapid nanoscale patterning of diamond, Diamond and Related Materials, 20, (5-6), 2011, p707-710
Bie, Y.-Q., Zhou, Y.-B., Liao, Z.-M., Yan, K., Liu, S., Zhao, Q., Kumar, S., (...), Yu, D.-P., Site-specific transfer-printing of individual graphene microscale patterns to arbitrary surfaces, Advanced Materials, 23, (34), 2011, p3938-3943
O'Brien, S.J., Ozer, H.O., Cross, G.L.W., Pethica, J.B., Multiparameter imaging and understanding the role of the tip - Atomic resolution images of rutile TiO 2(110), Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 2010 MRS Fall Meeting, Boston, MA; United States, 29 Nov - 3 Dec, 1318, 2011, pp127-135
He, L., Liao, Z.-M., Wu, H.-C., Tian, X.-X., Xu, D.-S., Cross, G.L.W., Duesberg, G.S., (...), Yu, D.-P., Memory and threshold resistance switching in Ni/NiO core-shell nanowires, Nano Letters, 11, (11), 2011, p4601-4606
Zhi-Min Liao, Han-Chun Wu, Jing-Jing Wang, Graham L. W. Cross, Shishir Kumar, Igor V. Shvets and Georg S. Duesberg, Magnetoresistance of Fe3O4-graphene-Fe3O4 junctions, MAGNETISM AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, 98, 2011, p052511
Fois, G., Bolger, C.T., Holmes, J.D., Cross, G.L.W., Proximal oxidation as a director of self-organisation, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21, (24), 2011, p8772-8780
Giovanni Fois, Ciara Therese Bolger, Justin D Holmes and Graham Cross, Novel Pre-oxidation Patterning on Thin Aluminium Film Generating Ordered Nanopores through Anodization, Materials Research Society Proceedings, 1258, 2010
McKenzie, W.R., Pethica, J.B., Cross, G.L.W., Focused ion beam as a direct-write mask tool for patterning diamond , Microscopy and Microanalysis, 15, (suppl. 2), 2009, p328-329
Harry D. Rowland, William P. King, Graham L. W. Cross and John B. Pethica, Measuring Glassy and Viscoelastic Polymer Flow in Molecular-Scale Gaps Using a Flat Punch Mechanical Probe, ACS Nano, 2, (3), 2008, p419-428
PARK, K; CROSS, GLW; ZHANG, ZMM; KING, Experimental Investigation on the Heat Transfer Between a Heated Microcantilever and a Substrate, Journal of Heat Transfer , 130, (10), 2008, p102401-102410
Graham L. W. Cross, Barry S. OConnell, and John B. Pethica and Harry Rowland and William P. King, Variable temperature thin film indentation with a flat punch, Review of Scientific Instruments, 79, (1), 2008, p013904
Harry D. Rowland, William P. King, John B. Pethica, Graham L. W. Cross, Molecular Confinement Accelerates Deformation of Entangled Polymers During Squeeze Flow, Science, 322, (5902), 2008, p720 - 724
Harry D. Rowland and William P. King, Amy C. Sun and P. Randy Schunk, Graham L. W. Cross, Predicting polymer flow during high-temperature atomic force microscope nanoindentation, Macromolecules, 40, (22), 2007, p8096-8103
Park, K. and Cross, G.L.W. and Zhang, Z.M. and King, W.P., Heat transfer between a heated microcantilever and the substrate, 2, 2007, pp805-815
Graham L. W. Cross, Barry S. O'Connell, H. Ozgür Özer, and John B. Pethica, Room temperature mechanical thinning and imprinting of solid films, Nano Letters, 7, (2 ), 2007, p357-362
Graham L. W. Cross, André Schirmeisen, Peter Grütter and Urs T. Dürig, Plasticity, healing and shakedown in sharp-asperity nanoindentation, Nature Materials, 5, (5), 2006, p370-376
Cross, Graham, The production of nanostructures by mechanical forming, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 39, 2006, pR363-R386
Graham L. W. Cross, Barry S. O'Connell, and John B. Pethica, Influence of elastic strains on the mask ratio in glassy polymer nanoimprint, Applied Physics Letters, 86, (8), 2005, p081902
The mechanics of nanoimprint forming in, editor(s)CROSS, GLW; LANGFORD, RA; O'CONNELL, BS; et al. , Fundamentals of nanoindentation and nanotribology III; proceedings, Materials Research Society , 2005, pp15-26 , [CROSS, GLW; LANGFORD, RA; O'CONNELL, BS; et al.]
G.L.W. Cross, B.S. O'Connell, J.B. Pethica, H. Schulz, and H.-C. Scheer, Instrumented indentation testing for local characterisation of polymer properties after nanoimprint , Microelectronic Engineering, 30th International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Engineering , 78-79, Elsevier, 2005, 618-624
Graham L. W. Cross, Barry S. O'Connell, John B. Pethica and Warren C. Oliver., Some issues in the mechanical forming of nanoimprint structures, Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology, 18, (5), 2005, p559-562
O'Connell, B. Cross, G.L.W. Pethica, J.B. Oliver, W. , Nanorheology of squeezed polymer films, Proceedings of Third IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, 2003 Third IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology., 12-14 Aug. 2003, 2, IEEE, 2003, pp793-796
Cross, Graham, Despont, Michel, Durig, Urs, Genolet, Gregoire, Schlittler, Reto, Vettiger, Peter, 'Microstructures', World Intellectual Property Organization, WO 03/060923 A1, 2003
Cross, G. W., O'Connell, B., Pethica, J. B. & Oliver, W. C., Mechanical aspects of nanoimprint patterning, Conference Proceedings IEEE Nano 2003 , IEEE Nano 2003 , San Francisco, CA, 2, IEEE, 2003, pp494 - 497
Cross, G.L.W. O'Connell, B. Pethica, J.B. Oliver, W. , Mechanical aspects of nanoimprint patterning, Proceedings of Third IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, Third IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, 2003., 12-14 Aug. 2003, 2, IEEE, 2003, pp494-497
Vettiger, P. Cross, G. Despont, M. Drechsler, U. Durig, U. Gotsmann, B. Haberle, W. Lantz, M.A. Rothuizen, H.E. Stutz, R. Binnig, G.K. , The "millipede" - nanotechnology entering data storage, IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology , 1, (1), 2002, p39-55
King, W.P. Kenny, T.W. Goodson, K.E. Cross, G.L.W. Despont, M. Durig, U.T. Rothuizen, H. Binnig, G. Vettiger, P. , Design of atomic force microscope cantilevers for combined thermomechanical writing and thermal reading in array operation, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 11, (6), 2002, p765-774
Graham Cross, Michel Despont, Urs Dürig, Hugo Rothuizen, Gerd K. Binnig, and Peter Vettiger, William P. King, Thomas W. Kenny, and Kenneth E. Goodson, Atomic force microscope cantilevers for combined thermomechanical data writing and reading, Applied Physics Letters, 78, (9), 2001, p1300-1302
U. Dürig, G. Cross, M. Despont, U. Drechsler, W. Häberle, M.I. Lutwyche, H. Rothuizen, R. Stutz, R. Widmer, P. Vettiger, G.K. Binnig, W.P. King and K.E. Goodson, "Millipede" - an AFM data storage system at the frontier of nanotribology, Tribology Letters, 9, (1-2), 2000, p25-32
A. Schirmeisen, G. Cross, A. Stalder, P. Grütter and U. Dürig, Metallic adhesion forces and tunneling between atomically defined tip and sample, Applied Surface Science, 157, (4), 2000, p274-279
A Schirmeisen, G Cross, A Stalder, P Grütter and U Dürig, Metallic adhesion and tunnelling at the atomic scale, New Journal of Physics, 2, 2000, p291-2910
G. Cross, A. Schirmeisen, A. Stalder, and P. Grütter , M. Tschudy and U. Dürig , Adhesion interaction between atomically defined tip and sample, Physical Review Letters, 80, (21), 1998, p4685-4688
BOILY, S; ALAMDARI, H; CROSS, G; et al., Ball milled ZnO for varistor applications., SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF MECHANICALLY ALLOYED AND NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 1-2, 235, 1997, p993-998
D. Axen, S. Bougerolle, R. Sobie, G. Eigen, F. De Jongh, D. Hitlin, M. Kelsey, M. Kleinb, A. Mincer1, b, W. Wisniewski6, b, R. Wolfb, C. Arroyoc, Y. Auc, C. Baltay2, c, T. Boltonc, A. Bazarko, L. Camilleri, E. Hyatt, S. Manly, S. Rabinowitz, P.C. Rowson, S. Seligman, M.H. Shaevitz, S. Smith, R.V. Steiner, I. Abt3, d, D. Alzofon, D. Arnett, F. Barrerad, R. Belld, S.C. Bes, J. Bogart, M. Breidenbach, A. Candia, R. Clausd, H. Cutlerd, R. Davisd, R. Dubois, M. Foss, J. Fox, M. Fox, A. Gioumousis, A. Grebenyuk, G. Haller, V. Hamilton, J. Hodgson, M. Huffer, T. Junk, P. Kim, J. Labsd, H. Neald, D. Nelsond, M. Nordbyd, L. Paffrathd, G. Putallaz, H. Rogers, J.J. Russell, P. Saez, P. Seward, D. Sherdend, K. Skarpaas, R.H. Schindler, A.P. Wait, R. Watt, J. Brau5, e, B. Bugge, A. Weidemanne, D. Gurd, C. Oram, A. Astbury, G. Beer, G. Cross, T. Hodgesg, A. Honmag, R. Keelerg, R. Langstaffg, G. Mason, P. Poffenberger, L. Robertsong, P. Schenkg, A. Turcotg, M. Turcotte6, g, V. Cook, D. Forbush, J. Harrison, H. Kim, Ma Ji, P. Mockett, F. Toevs and E. Vella, , The lead-liquid argon sampling calorimeter of the SLD detector, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 328, (3), 1993, p472-494
Non-Peer-Reviewed Publications
Pierce C. Sinnott, Majid Fazeli Jadidi, Daniel A. Sánchez, Li Yuan, Robert W. Carpick, and Graham L. W. Cross*, Superlubric Sliding of Graphene Auto-Kirigami with Interfaces Containing Self-Assembled Stripe-Pattern Adsorbates, 2024
Research Expertise
Description
Dr Cross's research interests include: multiscale mechanics - including tribology and plastic deformation at surfaces, interfaces and in confined volumes, production of shape and function in nanostructures, nanorheology of complex fluids and soft condensed matter systems including polymers, mechanics of transfer, placement, orientation, and sorting of nano-objects and the development of local and integrated nanoscale scanned probes and manipulators.Projects
Recognition
Representations
External examiner, ICUF fellow, Queen Mary, Cambridge, McGill
Awards and Honours
Winner Founders Category - 2021 Trinity Innovation Award
Irish-Canadian University Foundation ICUF Flaherty Scholar
Trinity College Dublin Fellowship
Govt Quebec Postdoctoral Fellowship Award ($52,000)
Memberships
American Society for Precision Engineering