Professor Richard Carson

Professor Richard Carson

Prof Cognitive Neuroscience of Ageing, Psychology

Prof Cognitive Neuroscience of Ageing

3531896

Publications and Further Research Outputs

  • Janssen, L. Steenbergen, B. Carson, R.G., Anticipatory planning reveals segmentation of cortical motor output during action observation, Cerebral Cortex, 25, (1), 2015, p192 - 201Journal Article, 2015, DOI , URL , TARA - Full Text
  • Mcnickle, E. Carson, R.G., Paired associative transcranial alternating current stimulation increases the excitability of corticospinal projections in humans, The Journal of Physiology, 593, (7), 2015, p1649 - 1666Journal Article, 2015, DOI , URL , TARA - Full Text
  • Carson, R.G., Neural enhancement for independent living, Journal of Motor Behavior, 47, (1), 2015, p3 - 5Journal Article, 2015, DOI , URL
  • Puri R, Hinder M.R, Fujiyama H, Gomez R, Carson R.G, Summers J.J, Duration-dependent effects of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on anodal tDCS induced motor cortex plasticity in older adults: A group and individual perspective, Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 7, (JUN), 2015, p106-Journal Article, 2015, DOI , URL , TARA - Full Text
  • Buick AR, Kennedy NC, Carson RG, Characteristics of corticospinal projections to the intrinsic hand muscles in skilled harpists., Neuroscience letters, 612, 2016, p87-91Journal Article, 2016, DOI
  • Ruddy KL, Rudolf AK, Kalkman B, King M, Daffertshofer A, Carroll TJ, Carson RG, Neural Adaptations Associated with Interlimb Transfer in a Ballistic Wrist Flexion Task., Frontiers in human neuroscience, 10, 2016, p204Journal Article, 2016, DOI , TARA - Full Text
  • A. R. Buick , J. Kowalczewski , R. G. Carson , A. Prochazka , Tele-Supervised FES-Assisted Exercise for Hemiplegic Upper Limb , IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering , 24 , (1 ), 2016, p79 - 87Journal Article, 2016, DOI
  • Carson, R.G., Ruddy, K.L., McNickle, E., What Do TMS-Evoked Motor Potentials Tell Us About Motor Learning?, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 957, 2016, p143 - 157Journal Article, 2016, DOI
  • Ruddy, K.L., Leemans, A., Carson R.G., Transcallosal connectivity of the human cortical motor network., Brain Structure and Function, 222, (3), 2017, p1243 - 1252Journal Article, 2017, DOI , TARA - Full Text
  • Ruddy, K.L., Leemans, A., Woolley, D.G., Wenderoth, N., Carson, R.G., Structural and functional cortical connectivity mediating cross education of motor function., Journal of Neuroscience, 2017Journal Article, 2017, DOI , TARA - Full Text
  • Hayward KS, Brauer SG, Ruddy KL, Lloyd D, Carson RG., Repetitive reaching training combined with transcranial Random Noise Stimulation in stroke survivors with chronic and severe arm paresis is feasible: a pilot, triple-blind, randomised case series., Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 14, (1), 2017, p46Journal Article, 2017, DOI , TARA - Full Text
  • Cremen IA, Carson RG., Have Standard Tests of Cognitive Function Been Misappropriated in the Study of Cognitive Enhancement?, Frontiers in human neuroscience, 11, 2017, p276Journal Article, 2017, DOI , TARA - Full Text
  • Seidler RD, Carson RG., Sensorimotor Learning: Neurocognitive Mechanisms and Individual Differences., Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 14, (1), 2017, p74Journal Article, 2017, DOI , TARA - Full Text
  • Barker RN, Hayward KS, Carson RG, Lloyd D, Brauer SG., SMART Arm Training With Outcome-Triggered Electrical Stimulation in Subacute Stroke Survivors With Severe Arm Disability: A Randomized Controlled Trial., Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 31, (12), 2017, p1005-1016Journal Article, 2017, DOI , TARA - Full Text
  • Chye L, Riek S, de Rugy A, Carson RG, Carroll TJ., Unilateral movement preparation causes task-specific modulation of TMS responses in the passive, opposite limb., The Journal of physiology, 596, (16), 2018, p3725 - 3738Journal Article, 2018, DOI , TARA - Full Text
  • Carson RG., Get a grip: individual variations in grip strength are a marker of brain health., Neurobiology of aging, 71, 2018, p189-222Journal Article, 2018, DOI
  • Bolton DAE, Buick AR, Carroll TJ, Carson RG., Interlimb transfer and generalisation of learning in the context of persistent failure to accomplish a visuomotor task., Experimental brain research, 2019Journal Article, 2019, DOI
  • Carson RG, Rankin ML., Shaping the Effects of Associative Brain Stimulation by Contractions of the Opposite Limb. , Frontiers in psychology, 9, 2018, p2249Journal Article, 2018, DOI
  • Besomi, M. and Hodges, P.W. and Van Dieën, J. and Carson, R.G. and Clancy, E.A. and Disselhorst-Klug, C. and Holobar, A. and Hug, F. and Kiernan, M.C. and Lowery, M. and McGill, K. and Merletti, R. and Perreault, E. and SÞgaard, K. and Tucker, K. and Besier, T. and Enoka, R. and Falla, D. and Farina, D. and Gandevia, S. and Rothwell, J.C. and Vicenzino, B. and Wrigley, T., Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Electrode selection matrix, Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 48, 2019, p128-144Journal Article, 2019, DOI , URL
  • Carson, R.G. and Buick, A.R., Neuromuscular electrical stimulation-promoted plasticity of the human brain, Journal of Physiology, 2019Journal Article, 2019, DOI , URL
  • Carson RG., What accounts for the association between grip strength and mental functioning in aging people?, Maturitas, 138, 2020, p80-81Journal Article, 2020, DOI
  • Besomi M, Hodges PW, Clancy EA, Van Dieën J, Hug F, Lowery M, Merletti R, Søgaard K, Wrigley T, Besier T, Carson RG, Disselhorst-Klug C, Enoka RM, Falla D, Farina D, Gandevia S, Holobar A, Kiernan MC, McGill K, Perreault E, Rothwell JC, Tucker K., Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Amplitude normalization matrix., Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology, 53, 2020, p102438Journal Article, 2020, DOI
  • Carson RG., Inter-hemispheric inhibition sculpts the output of neural circuits by co-opting the two cerebral hemispheres., The Journal of physiology, 2020Journal Article, 2020, DOI
  • Calvert GHM, McMackin R, Carson RG., Probing interhemispheric dorsal premotor-primary motor cortex interactions with threshold hunting transcranial magnetic stimulation., Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 131, (11), 2020, p2551-2560Journal Article, 2020, DOI
  • Coffey A, Bista S, Fasano A, Buxo T, Mitchell M, Giglia ER, Dukic S, Fenech M, Barry M, Wade A, Heverin M, Muthuraman M, Carson RG, Lowery M, Hardiman O, Nasseroleslami B., Altered supraspinal motor networks in survivors of poliomyelitis: A cortico-muscular coherence study., Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 132, (1), 2021, p106-113Journal Article, 2021, DOI
  • Carson RG, Capozio A, McNickle E, Sack AT., A Bayesian approach to analysing cortico-cortical associative stimulation induced increases in the excitability of corticospinal projections in humans., Experimental brain research, 239, (1), 2021, p21-30Journal Article, 2021, DOI
  • McManus L., Lowery M., Merletti R., Sogaard K., Besomi M., Clancy E.A., van Dieen J.H., Hug F., Wrigley T., Besier T., Carson R.G., Disselhorst-Klug C., Enoka R.M., Falla D., Farina D., Gandevia S., Holobar A., Kiernan M.C., McGill K., Perreault E., Rothwell J.C., Tucker K., Hodges P.W., Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Terminology matrix, Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 59, 2021Journal Article, 2021, DOI , TARA - Full Text
  • Martinez-Valdes E, Enoka RM, Holobar A, McGill K, Farina D, Besomi M, Hug F, Falla D, Carson RG, Clancy EA, Disselhorst-Klug C, van Dieën JH, Tucker K, Gandevia S, Lowery M, Søgaard K, Besier T, Merletti R, Kiernan MC, Rothwell JC, Perreault E, Hodges PW., Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Single motor unit matrix., Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology, 68, 2023, p102726Journal Article, 2023, DOI
  • Calvert GHM, Carson RG., Neural mechanisms mediating cross education: With additional considerations for the ageing brain., Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 132, 2022, p260-288Journal Article, 2022, DOI
  • Carson RG., The multifinger force deficit: A protocol to detect incipient cognitive decline., Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 70, (5), 2022, p1605-1608Journal Article, 2022, DOI
  • Gallina A, Disselhorst-Klug C, Farina D, Merletti R, Besomi M, Holobar A, Enoka RM, Hug F, Falla D, Søgaard K, McGill K, Clancy EA, Carson RG, van Dieën JH, Gandevia S, Lowery M, Besier T, Kiernan MC, Rothwell JC, Tucker K, Hodges PW., Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: High-density surface electromyography matrix., Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology, 64, 2022, p102656Journal Article, 2022, DOI
  • Carson RG, Holton E., Deficits in rate of force production during multifinger tasks are associated with cognitive status., International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 37, (6), 2022Journal Article, 2022, DOI
  • Clark BC, Carson RG., Sarcopenia and Neuroscience: Learning to Communicate., The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 76, (10), 2021, p1882-1890Journal Article, 2021, DOI
  • Bista S, Coffey A, Fasano A, Buxo T, Mitchell M, Giglia ER, Dukic S, Heverin M, Muthuraman M, Carson RG, Lowery M, Hardiman O, McManus L, Nasseroleslami B., Cortico-muscular coherence in primary lateral sclerosis reveals abnormal cortical engagement during motor function beyond primary motor areas., Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2023, pbhad152Journal Article, 2023, DOI
  • Dukic, S. and Fasano, A. and Coffey, A. and Buxó, T. and McMackin, R. and Chipika, R. and Heverin, M. and Bede, P. and Muthuraman, M. and Lowery, M. and Carson, R.G. and Hardiman, O. and Nasseroleslami, B., Electroencephalographic β-band oscillations in the sensorimotor network reflect motor symptom severity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, European Journal of Neurology, 2024Journal Article, 2024, DOI , URL
  • Carson R.G., Morley A., Is a mirror necessary for mirror therapy?, Neural Regeneration Research, 18, (12), 2023, p2703 - 2704, p2703-2704Journal Article, 2023, DOI
  • Andrushko J.W., Carr J.C., Farthing J.P., Lepley L.K., Defreitas J.M., Goodall S., Hendy A.M., Howatson G., Grooms D.R., Zult T., Hortobagyi T., Harput G., Papandreou M., Nosaka K., Carson R.G., Manca A., Deriu F., Behm D.G., Kidgell D.J., Clark N.C., Boyd L.A., Potential role of cross-education in early-stage rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, British Journal of Sports Medicine, 57, (23), 2023, p1474 - 1475, p1474-1475Journal Article, 2023, DOI
  • Williams S., Carson R.G., Toth K., Reply from Sean Williams, Richard G. Carson and Katalin Tóth, Journal of Physiology, 602, (1), 2024, p243 - 244, p243-244Journal Article, 2024, DOI
  • Williams S., Carson R., Toth K., Moving beyond P values in The Journal of Physiology: A primer on the value of effect sizes and confidence intervals, Journal of Physiology, 601, (23), 2023, p5131 - 5133, p5131-5133Journal Article, 2023, DOI
  • Carson RG, Ruddy KL, Vision Modulates Corticospinal Suppression in a Functionally Specific Manner during Movement of the Opposite Limb., The Journal of Neuroscience, 32, (2), 2012, p646 - 652Journal Article, 2012, DOI
  • Riek S, Hinder MR, Carson RG, Primary motor cortex involvement in initial learning during visuomotor adaptation., Neuropsychologia, 50, (10), 2012, p2515 - 2523Journal Article, 2012, DOI
  • Barker RN, Brauer SG, Barry BK, Gill TJ, Carson RG, Training-induced modifications of corticospinal reactivity in severely affected stroke survivors., Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale, 221, (2), 2012, p211 - 221Journal Article, 2012, DOI
  • Ruddy KL, Carson RG, Neural pathways mediating cross education of motor function., Frontiers in human neuroscience, 7, 2013, p397Journal Article, 2013, DOI , TARA - Full Text
  • Carson RG, Nelson BD, Buick AR, Carroll TJ, Kennedy NC, Cann RM, Characterizing changes in the excitability of corticospinal projections to proximal muscles of the upper limb., Brain stimulation, 6, (5), 2013, p760 - 768Journal Article, 2013, DOI
  • Brauer SG, Hayward KS, Carson RG, Cresswell AG, Barker RN, The efficacy of SMART Arm training early after stroke for stroke survivors with severe upper limb disability: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial., BMC neurology, 13, 2013, p71Journal Article, 2013, DOI , TARA - Full Text
  • Hayward KS, Barker RN, Brauer SG, Lloyd D, Horsley SA, Carson RG, SMART Arm with outcome-triggered electrical stimulation: a pilot randomized clinical trial., Topics in stroke rehabilitation, 20, (4), 2013, p289 - 298Journal Article, 2013, DOI
  • Carson RG, Kennedy NC, Modulation of human corticospinal excitability by paired associative stimulation., Frontiers in human neuroscience, 7, 2013, p823Journal Article, 2013, DOI , TARA - Full Text
  • Hayward KS, Barker RN, Carson RG, Brauer SG, The effect of altering a single component of a rehabilitation programme on the functional recovery of stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis., Clinical rehabilitation, 28, (2), 2014, p107-17Journal Article, 2014, URL
  • Byrne, R.M.J.,Carson, R.G., & Hannigan, B., Celebrating fifty years of psychology at Trinity College Dublin, The Irish Journal of Psychology, 33, (2-3), 2012, p63 - 64Journal Article, 2012, DOI
  • Woolley, DG, de Rugy, A, Carson, RG, Riek, S, Visual target separation determines the extent of generalisation between opposing visuomotor rotations, EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 212, (2), 2011, p213-224Journal Article, 2011, DOI
  • Carson, RG, Popple, AE, Verschueren, SMP, Riek, S, Superimposed vibration confers no additional benefit compared with resistance training alone, SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS, 20, (6), 2010, p827-833Journal Article, 2010, DOI
  • Oytam, Y, Lloyd, D, Reid, CS, de Rugy, A, Carson, RC, A robotic apparatus that dictates torque fields around joints without affecting inherent joint dynamics, HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE, 29, (5), 2010, p701-712Journal Article, 2010, DOI
  • Hinder, M.R., Riek, S., Tresilian, J.R., De Rugy, A., Carson, R.G., Real-time error detection but not error correction drives automatic visuomotor adaptation, Experimental Brain Research, 201, (2), 2010, p191-207Journal Article, 2010, DOI
  • Hiraga, CY, Garry, MI, Carson, RG, Summers, JJ, Dual-task interference: Attentional and neurophysiological influences, BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 205, (1), 2009, p10-18Journal Article, 2009, DOI
  • Barker, RN, Brauer, S, Carson, R, Training-induced changes in the pattern of triceps to biceps activation during reaching tasks after chronic and severe stroke, EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 196, (4), 2009, p483-496Journal Article, 2009, DOI
  • de Rugy, A, Hinder, MR, Woolley, DG, Carson, RG, The Synergistic Organization of Muscle Recruitment Constrains Visuomotor Adaptation, JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 101, (5), 2009, p2263-2269Journal Article, 2009, DOI
  • Carson, RG, Oytam, Y, Riek, S, Artificial Gravity Reveals that Economy of Action Determines the Stability of Sensorimotor Coordination, PLOS ONE, 4, (4), 2009, p0005248-Journal Article, 2009, DOI , TARA - Full Text
  • Barry, BK, Pascoe, MA, Riek, S, Carson, RG, Enoka, RM, Common input to different regions of biceps brachii long head, EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 193, (3), 2009, p351-359Journal Article, 2009, DOI
  • Kennedy, NC, Carson, RG, The effect of simultaneous contractions of ipsilateral muscles on changes in corticospinal excitability induced by paired associative stimulation (PAS), NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS, 445, (1), 2008, p7-11Journal Article, 2008, DOI
  • Hinder, MR, Woolley, DG, Tresilian, JR, Riek, S, Carson, RG, The efficacy of colour cues in facilitating adaptation to opposing visuomotor rotations, EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 191, (2), 2008, p143-155Journal Article, 2008, DOI
  • Carson, RG, Kennedy, NC, Linden, MA, Britton, L, Muscle-specific variations in use-dependent crossed-facilitation of corticospinal pathways mediated by transcranial direct current (DC) stimulation, NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS, 441, (2), 2008, p153-157Journal Article, 2008, DOI
  • De Rugy, A., Riek, S., Oytam, Y., (...), Davoodi, R., Carson, R.G., Neuromuscular and biomechanical factors codetermine the solution to motor redundancy in rhythmic multijoint arm movement, Experimental Brain Research , 189, (4), 2008, p421-434Journal Article, 2008, DOI
  • Woolley, DG, Carson, RG, Tresilian, JR, Riek, S, Generalisation between opposing visuomotor rotations when each is associated with visual targets and movements of different amplitude, BRAIN RESEARCH, 1219, 2008, p46-58Journal Article, 2008, DOI
  • Barker, R.N., Brauer, S.G., Carson, R.G., Training of reaching in stroke survivors with severe and chronic upper limb paresis using a novel nonrobotic device: A randomized clinical trial , Stroke, 38, (6), 2008, p1800-1807Journal Article, 2008, DOI
  • Hinder, MR, Tresilian, JR, Riek, S, Carson, RG, The contribution of visual feedback to visuomotor adaptation: How much and when?, BRAIN RESEARCH, 1197, 2008, p123-134Journal Article, 2008, DOI
  • Hinder, MR, Walk, L, Woolley, DG, Riek, S, Carson, RG, The interference effects of non-rotated versus counter-rotated trials in visuomotor adaptation, EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 180, (4), 2007, p629-640Journal Article, 2007, DOI
  • Woolley, DG, Tresilian, JR, Carson, RG, Riek, S, Dual adaptation to two opposing visuomotor rotations when each is associated with different regions of workspace, EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 179, (2), 2007, p155-165Journal Article, 2007, DOI
  • Carson, R.G., Smethurst, C.J., Oytam, Y., De Rugy, A, Postural context alters the stability of bimanual coordination by modulating the crossed excitability of corticospinal pathways, Journal of Neurophysiology , 97, (3), 2007, p2016-2023Journal Article, 2007, DOI
  • Shemmell, J, Riek, S, Tresilian, JR, Carson, RG, The role of the primary motor cortex during skill acquisition on a two-degrees-of-freedom movement task, JOURNAL OF MOTOR BEHAVIOR, 39, (1), 2007, p29-39Journal Article, 2007
  • Carson, RG, Changes in muscle coordination with training, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 101, (5), 2006, p1506-1513Journal Article, 2006, DOI
  • Shemmell, J, Forner, M, Tathem, B, Tresilian, JR, Riek, S, Barry, BK, Carson, RG, Neuromuscular-skeletal constraints on the acquisition of skill in a discrete torque production task, EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 175, (3), 2006, p400-410Journal Article, 2006, DOI
  • de Rugy, A, Riek, S, Carson, RG, Influence of predominant patterns of coordination on the exploitation of interaction torques in a two-joint rhythmic arm movement, EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 175, (3), 2006, p439-452Journal Article, 2006, DOI
  • de Rugy, A, Riek, S, Carson, RG, Neuromuscular-skeletal origins of predominant patterns of coordination in a rhythmic two-joint arm movement, JOURNAL OF MOTOR BEHAVIOR, 38, (1), 2006, p7-14Journal Article, 2006
  • Shemmell, J. , Tresilian, J.R., Riek, S., Barry, B.K., Carson, R.G. , Neuromuscular adaptation during skill acquisition on a two degree-of-freedom target-acquisition task: Dynamic movement , Journal of Neurophysiology , 94, (5), 2005, p3058-3068Journal Article, 2005, URL
  • Shemmell, J, Tresilian, JR, Riek, S, Barry, BK, Carson, RG, Neuromuscular adaptation during skill acquisition on a two degree-of-freedom target-acquisition task: Dynamic movement, JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 94, (5), 2005, p3058-3068Journal Article, 2005, DOI
  • Shemmell, J, Forner, M, Tresilian, JR, Riek, S, Barry, BK, Carson, RG, Neuromuscular adaptation during skill acquisition on a two degree-of-freedom target-acquisition task: Isometric torque production, JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 94, (5), 2005, p3046-3057Journal Article, 2005, DOI
  • Carson, R.G, Neural pathways mediating bilateral interactions between the upper limbs , Brain Research Reviews , 49, (3), 2005, p641-662Journal Article, 2005, DOI
  • Mon-Williams, M, The preparation of reach-to-grasp movements in adults, children, and children with movement problems, QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY SECTION A-HUMAN EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 58, (7), 2005, p1249-1263Journal Article, 2005, DOI
  • Barry, BK, Warman, GG, Carson, RG, Age-related differences in rapid muscle activation after rate of force development training of the elbow flexors, EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 162, (1), 2005, p122-132Journal Article, 2005, DOI
  • Carson, RG, Welsh, TN, Pamblanco-Valero, MA, Visual feedback alters the variations in corticospinal excitability that arise from rhythmic movements of the opposite limb, EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 161, (3), 2005, p325-334Journal Article, 2005, DOI
  • Tresilian, JR, Mon-Williams, M, Coppard, VL, Carson, RG, Developmental changes in the response to obstacles during prehension, JOURNAL OF MOTOR BEHAVIOR, 37, (2), 2005, p103-110Journal Article, 2005
  • Barry, BK, Riek, S, Carson, RG, Muscle coordination during rapid force production by young and older adults, JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES, 60, (2), 2005, p232-240Journal Article, 2005
  • Shahbazpour, N, Carroll, TJ, Riek, S, Carson, RG, Early alterations in serum creatine kinase and total cholesterol following high intensity eccentric muscle actions, JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL FITNESS, 44, (2), 2004, p193-199Journal Article, 2004
  • Li, Y, Levin, O, Carson, RG, Swinnen, SP, Bimanual coordination: constraints imposed by the relative timing of homologous muscle activation, EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 156, (1), 2004, p27-38Journal Article, 2004, DOI