Ireland’s protected dunes are thriving – thanks to well-managed tourism

Posted on: 25 February 2025

The research, led by Dr Andrew Torsney and Prof Yvonne Buckley from Trinity’s School of Natural Sciences, showcases the successful use of grazing conservation by the Office of Public Works (OPW) in enhancing plant diversity within one of Ireland’s protected dune systems.

The study finds that tourism, often seen as a threat to fragile ecosystems, can instead be positive for biodiversity when managed correctly. The use of cows for short periods of low intensity conservation grazing, managed by the Office of Public Works (OPW) at Derrynane House, Co. Kerry, has contributed to the preservation and even enhancement of plant diversity within the site's dune habitats.

Derrynane House.

These measures have successfully accommodated high volumes of tourism while ensuring no identifiable negative impact on the site’s ecological integrity.

Dr Andrew Torsney, first author of the research article that has just been published in the journal Global Ecology and Conservation, said: “Tourist destinations such as those along the Wild Atlantic Way capitalise on showcasing impressive visuals of nature using stunning landscapes and lush meadows as attractions, but many people have held the belief that tourism is damaging to the conservation of these habitats.

“Our new research challenges that core assumption. At the Derrynane site, the OPW’s approach to balancing visitor access with grazing management for habitat protection has led to greater plant diversity, which in turn enhances the overall experience for visitors who appreciate a richer, more vibrant landscape.

Our findings highlight how targeted conservation grazing supports the health of species-rich dune habitats, providing a valuable tool for land managers seeking to balance conservation with public access. Moreover, visitors engaging with well-maintained natural spaces may also develop a deeper appreciation for biodiversity, reinforcing the importance of sustainable management practices.”

Specifically, the researchers found biodiversity had modestly increased in grazed habitats, while ungrazed (or unmanaged) habitats experienced a 20% decline in biodiversity by year four of the study.

Among the notable plant species benefiting from this management approach are the delicately beautiful Fairy Flax (Linum catharticum), the vibrant Pyramidal Orchid (Anacamptis pyramidalis), and the characteristic Lady’s Bed-Straw (Galium verum).

The Bee Orchid (Ophrys apifera) is another species spotted in the grazed sites.

Lorcan Scott, Biodiversity Officer in the Office of Public Works said: “The OPW is greatly heartened by the findings of this independent research, that vulnerable dune habitat and wider grasslands are benefiting from conservation grazing practices.

“Derrynane Special Area of Conservation, which is an important feature of the wider Páirc Náisiúnta na Mara, Ciarraí, supports a number of sensitive habitats and species.

“It also attracts tens of thousands of visitors each year and our dedicated staff work hard to ensure a balance between welcoming members of the public and conserving these natural heritage features.

“We will take on board the findings of this comprehensive study and investigate other opportunities to apply them.

“We also acknowledge the dedication and effort put into the careful presentation of Derrynane House and Gardens by our skilled staff in managing these unique sites on behalf of the State.”

The study also points out that having accurate and adaptable ways to classifying habitats is key to creating conservation plans that truly reflect how ecosystems work, making it easier for tourism managers to support biodiversity while also welcoming visitors.

By demonstrating the benefits of conservation grazing within a high-traffic tourism site, this research offers valuable insights for conservationists, policymakers, and land managers alike, showcasing how thoughtful stewardship can lead to positive outcomes for both nature and people.

The published journal article can be read on the publisher's website.