Selected Publications
Slattery, K., Breheny, M., Woods, E., ...Owens, C., Gardiner, C.M. Frontiers in Oncology, 2022, 12, 1004871. Heightened metabolic responses in NK cells from patients with neuroblastoma suggests increased potential for immunotherapy. 10.3389/fonc.2022.1004871
Kedia-Mehta N, Tobin L, Zaiatz-Bittencourt V, Pisarska MM, De Barra C, Choi C, Elamin E, O'Shea D, Gardiner CM, Finlay DK, Hogan AE. Cytokine-induced natural killer cell training is dependent on cellular metabolism and is defective in obesity. Blood Adv. 2021 Nov 9;5(21):4447-4455. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005047.PMID: 34607345
Woods E, Zaiatz-Bittencourt V, Bannan C, Bergin C, Finlay DK, Hoffmann M, Brown A, Turner B, Makvandi-Nejad S, Vassilev V, Capone S, Folgori A, Hanke T, Barnes E, Dorrell L, Gardiner CM; PEACHI Consortium. Specific human cytomegalovirus signature detected in NK cell metabolic changes post vaccination. NPJ Vaccines. 2021 Sep 28;6(1):117. doi: 10.1038/s41541-021-00381-w.PMID: 34584101
Slattery K, Woods E, Zaiatz-Bittencourt V, Marks S, Chew S, Conroy M, Goggin C, MacEochagain C, Kennedy J, Lucas S, Finlay DK, Gardiner CM. TGFβ drives NK cell metabolic dysfunction in human metastatic breast cancer. J Immunother Cancer. 2021 F eb;9(2):e002044. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002044.PMID: 33568351
O'Brien KL, Assmann N, O'Connor E, Keane C, Walls J, Choi C, Oefner PJ, Gardiner CM, Dettmer K, Finlay DK. De novo polyamine synthesis supports metabolic and functional responses in activated murine NK cells. Eur J Immunol. 2021 Jan;51(1):91-102. doi: 10.1002/eji.202048784. Epub 2020 Nov 9.PMID: 32946110
Walls JF, Subleski JJ, Palmieri EM, Gonzalez-Cotto M, Gardiner CM, McVicar DW, Finlay DK. Metabolic but not transcriptional regulation by PKM2 is important for natural killer cell responses. Elife. 2020 Aug 19;9:e59166. doi: 10.7554/eLife.59166.PMID: 32812866
Slattery K, Gardiner CM. NK Cell Metabolism and TGFβ - Implications for Immunotherapy. Front Immunol. 2019 Dec 13;10:2915. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02915. eCollection 2019.PMID: 31921174
Cluxton CD, Spillane C, O'Toole SA, Sheils O, Gardiner CM, O'Leary JJ. Suppression of Natural Killer cell NKG2D and CD226 anti-tumour cascades by platelet cloaked cancer cells: Implications for the metastatic cascade. PLoS One. 2019 Mar 25;14(3):e0211538. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211538. eCollection 2019.PMID: 3090848
Gardiner CM. How to wake a killer. Nat Immun 2019 Oct 28 doi:10.1038/s41590-019-0541-8.
Kedia-Mehta N, Choi C, McCrudden A, Littwitz-Salomon E, Fox PG, Gardiner CM, Finlay DK. Natural Killer Cells Integrate Signals Received from Tumour Interactions and IL2 to Induce Robust and Prolonged Anti-Tumour and Metabolic Responses. Immunometabolism. 2019;1:e190014. doi: 10.20900/immunometab20190014. Epub 2019 Sep 25.PMID:31595191
Gardiner, C. M. (2019) NK Cell Metabolism and the Potential Offered for Cancer Immunotherapy. Immunometabolism 1, e190005
Hartnell F, Brown A, Capone S, Kopycinski J, Bliss C, Makvandi-Nejad S, Swadling L, Ghaffari E, Cicconi P, Del Sorbo M, Sbrocchi R, Esposito I, Vassilev V, Marriott P, Gardiner CM, Bannan C, Bergin C, Hoffmann M, Turner B, Nicosia A, Folgori A, Hanke T, Barnes E, Dorrell L. A Novel Vaccine Strategy Employing Serologically Different Chimpanzee Adenoviral Vectors for the Prevention of HIV-1 and HCV Coinfection. Front Immunol. 2019 Jan 18;9:3175. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03175. eCollection 2018. PMID: 30713538
Gardiner CM. NK cell metabolism. J Leukoc Biol. 2019 Jan 24. doi: 10.1002/JLB.MR0718-260R. [Epub ahead of print] Review.PMID: 30676653
Loftus RM, Assmann N, Kedia-Mehta N, O'Brien KL, Garcia A, Gillespie C, Hukelmann JL, Oefner PJ, Lamond AI, Gardiner CM, Dettmer K, Cantrell DA, Sinclair LV, Finlay DK. Amino acid-dependent cMyc expression is essential for NK cell metabolic and functional responses in mice. Nat Commun. 2018 Jun 14;9(1):2341. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04719-2.
Zaiatz-Bittencourt V, Finlay DK, Gardiner CM. Canonical TGF-β Signaling Pathway Represses Human NK Cell Metabolism. J Immunol. 2018 Jun 15;200(12):3934-3941. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701461. Epub 2018 May 2.
Shehata HM, Murphy AJ, Lee MKS, Gardiner CM, Crowe SM, Sanjabi S, Finlay DK, Palmer CS. Sugar or Fat?-Metabolic Requirements for Immunity to Viral Infections. Front Immunol. 2017 Oct 16;8:1311. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01311. eCollection 2017. Review. PMID: 29085369
Srebp-controlled glucose metabolism is essential for NK cell functional responses. Assmann N, O'Brien KL, Donnelly RP, Dyck L, Zaiatz-Bittencourt V, Loftus RM, Heinrich P, Oefner PJ, Lynch L, Gardiner CM, Dettmer K, Finlay DK. Nat Immunol. 2017 Nov;18(11):1197-1206. doi: 10.1038/ni.3838. Epub 2017 Sep 18.
Gardiner CM, Finlay DK. What Fuels Natural Killers? Metabolism and NK Cell Responses. Front Immunol. 2017 Apr 3;8:367. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00367. eCollection 2017. Review.
Fischer J, Weber AN, Böhm S, Dickhöfer S, El Maadidi S, Deichsel D, Knop V, Klinker H, Möller B, Rasenack J, Wang L, Sharma M, Hinrichsen H, Spengler U, Buggisch P, Sarrazin C, Pawlita M, Waterboer T, Wiese M, Probst-Müller E, Malinverni R, Bochud PY, Gardiner CM, O'Farrelly C, Berg T (2016). Sex-specific effects of TLR9 promoter variants on spontaneous clearance of HCV infection. Gut. 2016 Apr 21. pii: gutjnl-2015-310239. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310239. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID:27196570
Deac OM, Mills JL, Gardiner CM, Shane B, Quinn L, Midttun Ø, McCann A, Meyer K, Ueland PM, Fan R, Lu Z, Brody LC, Molloy AM. Serum Immune System Biomarkers Neopterin and Interleukin-10 Are Strongly Related to Tryptophan Metabolism in Healthy Young Adults. J Nutr. 2016 Sep;146(9):1801-6. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.230698. Epub 2016 Aug 3. PMID: 27489009
Brennan K, McSharry B, Keating S, Petrasca A, O'Reilly VO, Keane J, Doherty DG and Gardiner CM (2016). Human Natural Killer cell expression of ULBP2 is associated with a mature functional phenotype. Hum Immunol. 2016 Oct;77(10):876-85. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.06.018. Epub 2016 Jun 24. PMID:27349945
Gardiner CM and Mills KH. The cells that mediate innate immune memory and their functional significance in inflammatory and infectious diseases. (2016) Semin Immunol. 2016 Mar 12. pii: S1044-5323(16)00008-7. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.001. PMID: 26979658.
Keating SE, Zaiatz-Bittencourt V, Loftus RM, Keane C, Brennan K, Finlay DK* and Gardiner CM* (*joint authorship). Metabolic reprogramming supports IFNγ production by CD56bright NK cells. Journal of Immunology 2016 Mar 15;196(6):2552-60. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501783. Epub 2016 Feb 12. PMID:26873994
Gardiner CM. NK cell function and receptor diversity in the context of HCV infection. Front Microbiol. 2015 Sep 30;6:1061.
Dunphy SE, Sweeney CM, Kelly G, Tobin AM, Kirby B, Gardiner CM. Natural killer cells from psoriasis vulgaris patients have reduced levels of cytotoxicity associated degranulation and cytokine production. Clin Immunol. 2015 Oct 20. pii: S1521-6616(15)30052-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.10.004. [Epub ahead of print]
Keating SE, Ní Chorcora C, Dring MM, Stallings RL, O'Meara A, Gardiner CM. Increased frequencies of the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genes KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2 are associated with neuroblastoma. Tissue Antigens. 2015 86(3):172-7.
Dunphy SE, Guinan KJ, Chorcora CN, Jayaraman J, Traherne JA, Trowsdale J, Pende D, Middleton D, Gardiner CM. 2DL1, 2DL2 and 2DL3 all contribute to KIR phenotype variability on human NK cells. Genes Immun. 2015 16(5):301-10.
Donnelly R, Loftus R, Keating S, Gardiner CM* and Finlay DK*. (2014) *Equal contributions. mTORC1-dependent metabolic reprogramming is a prerequisite for Natural Killer cell effector function. Journal of Immunology 193(9):4477-84. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401558. Epub 2014 Sep 26.
Fitzmaurice K, Hurst J, Dring M, Rauch A, McLaren PJ, Günthard HF, Gardiner CM, Klenerman P; Irish HCV Research Consortium and the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (2014). Additive effects of HLA alleles and innate immune genes determine viral outcome in HCV infection. Gut. 2014 Jul 4. pii: gutjnl-2013-306287. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306287. [Epub ahead of print]
Morrison MH, Keane C, Quinn LM, Kelly A, O’Farrelly C, Bergin C and Gardiner CM (2014). IFNL cytokines do not modulate human or murine NK cell functions. Human Immunology 2014 Sep;75(9):996-1000. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.06.016. Epub 2014 Jun 30.
Doyle SL, Ozaki E, Brennan K, Humphries MM, Kenna PF, Maminishkis A, Kiang AS, Saunders S, Hams E, Gardiner CM, Fallon P, Adamson P, Humphries P and Campbell M (2014). IL-18 attenuates experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV) representing a therapy for the prevention of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Science Translational Medicine 6 (230).
Keane C, O’Shea D, Reiberger T, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Farrell G, Bergin C and Gardiner CM (2013). Variation in Innate Immune Genes Allows Rapid Prediction of Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin Hepatitis C Treatment Outcome in HIV-1 Co-Infection. Plos One 8(6):e66831
Dunphy S, Gardiner CM (2011). NK cells and psoriasis. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:248317. Epub 2011 May 26.
Fadda L, O'Connor GM, Kumar S, Piechocka-Trocha A, Gardiner CM, Carrington M, McVicar DW, Altfeld M (2011). Common HIV-1 Peptide Variants Mediate Differential Binding of KIR3DL1 to HLA-Bw4 Molecules. J Virol. 85(12):5970-4. Epub 2011 Apr 6.
Dring M, Morrison M, McSharry B, Guinan K, Hagan R, Irish HCV Research Consortium, O'Farrelly C and Gardiner CM (2011). Innate immune genes synergise to predict increased risk of chronic HCV infection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108(14):5736-41.
Guinan KJ, Cunningham RT, Meenagh A, Gonzales A, Dring MM, McGuinness BW, Middleton D and Gardiner CM (2010). Signatures of natural selection and co-evolution between Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and HLA class I genes. Genes and Immunity 11(6):467-78.
McSharry B and Gardiner CM (2009). The Role of NK cells in Bacterial Infections. In 'Natural Killer Cells - at the forefront of modern Immunology'; Ed. Zimmer J, Publisher Springer.
Guinan KJ, Cunningham RT, Meenagh A, Dring MM, Middleton D and Gardiner CM (2009). Receptor systems controlling Natural Killer cell function are genetically stratified in Europe. Genes and Immunity 11(1):67-78. Epub 2009 Aug 20.
Athié-Morales V, O'Connor GM and Gardiner CM (2008). Activation of Human Natural Killer Cells by the Bacterial Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern Muramyl Dipeptide. Journal of Immunology 180:4082-9.
Gardiner CM Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors on NK cells: the how, where and why? (2008) International Journal of Immunogenetics 35:1-8.
O'Connor GM, Holmes A, Mulcahy F, Gardiner CM. Natural Killer cells from long-term non-progressor HIV patients are characterized by altered phenotype and function. Clin Immunol. 2007 Sep;124(3):277-83
O'Connor GM, Guinan K, Cunningham RT, Middleton D, Parham P and Gardiner CM (2007). Functional Polymorphism of the KIR3DL1/S1 Receptor on Human NK Cells. J. Immunol 178: 235-41
O'Connor GM, Hart OM and Gardiner CM (2006). Putting the NK cell in its Place. Immunology 117:1-10.
Hart OM, Athié-Morales V, O'Connor, GM and Gardiner CM (2005). TLR7/8 mediated activation of human NK cells results in accessory cell dependent IFN- g production. J Immunol. 175: 1636-42.
Pando MJ, Gardiner CM, Gleimer M, McQueen KL, Parham P (2003). The protein made from a common allele of KIR3DL1 (3DL1*004) is poorly expressed at cell surfaces due to substitution at positions 86 in Ig domain 0 and 182 in Ig domain 1. J Immunol. 171:6640-9.
Gomez-Lozano N, Gardiner CM, Parham P, Vilches C (2002). Some human KIR haplotypes contain two KIR2DL5 genes: KIR2DL5A and KIR2DL5B. Immunogenetics. 54:314-9.
HG Shilling, LA Guethlein, NW Cheng, CM Gardiner, D Tyan and P Parham (2002). Genetic Control of Human NK Cell Repertoires J Immunol. 169:239-47.
HG Shilling, LA Guethlein, NW Cheng, CM Gardiner, R Rodriguez, D Tyan and P Parham (2002). KIR Allelic Polymorphism is a Major Component of KIR Haplotype Diversity J Immunol.168:2307-15.
CM Gardiner, LA Guethlein, HG Shilling, M Pando, WH Carr, R Rajalingam, C Vilches and P Parham (2001). Different NK Cell Surface Phenotypes Defined by the DX9 Antibody are Due to KIR3DL1 Gene Polymorphism J. Immunol.166:2992-3001.
R. Rajalingam, CM Gardiner, F Canavez, C Vilchez and P Parham (2001). Identification of seventeen novel KIR variants: fourteen of them from two non-Caucasian donors. Tissue Antigens 57:22-31.
C Vilches, CM Gardiner and P Parham (2000). Gene structure and promoter variation of expressed and nonexpressed variants of the KIR2DL5 gene. J Immunol 165:6416-21.
C Vilches, M Pando,R Rajalingam, CM Gardiner and P Parham (2000). Discovery of two novel variants of KIR2DS5 reveals this gene to be a common component of the human KIR ‘B’ haplotypes. Tissue Antigens 56:453-6.
C Vilches, R Rajalingam, M Uhrberg, CM Gardiner, N Young and P Parham (2000). KIR2DL5, a novel killer-cell receptor with a D0-D2 configuration of immunoglobulin-like domains J Immunol 164:5797-804.
CM Gardiner (1999). Quick Guide: Natural Killer Cells. Current Biology 9:716.
CM Gardiner, A O'Meara and DJ Reen (1998). Differential Cytotoxicity of Cord Blood and Bone marrow Derived NK Cells. Blood 91:207-213.
CM Gardiner and DJ Reen (1998). Differential Cytokine Regulation of NK Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Immunology 93:511-517.
CM Gardiner, DJ Reen and A O'Meara (1995). Recognition of Unusual Presentation of Natural Killer Cell Leukemia. Am J Hematol 50: 133-139.